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Playing 360 Video with a Skybox in Unity

Importing 360 Video files

360 Video in 3D Space

Creating a Skybox Material

Creating a Render Texture

Setting the Render Texture resolution

Creating the Video Player

Completing the Skybox

Setting the Skybox Material

Play 360 Video with a Skybox in Unity

In this workflow, we’ll set up 360 Video in Unity by applying a Render Texture to a Skybox. Once that’s done, you’ll need to configure camera movement according to user input. At the end of this workflow, you’ll have a working 360 Video inside of a Unity project. 

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This tutorial has been verified using Unity 2019.4.12f1 LTS

In this tutorial, we’ll set up 360 Video in Unity by applying a Render Texture to a Skybox. Once that’s done, you’ll need to configure camera movement according to user input. At the end of this workflow, you’ll have a working 360 Video inside of a Unity project. 

If you already have 360 video files, you can drag them into the Unity Project window to import them into your project. If you need files to work with, you can download the Interactive 360 Sample Project from the Asset Store by searching for it or clicking this link (Figure 02). 

This workflow will be using the 2D_Waterfront.mp4 file found inside of Assets > Interactive360 > Videos (Figure 03). 

Figure 02: Interactive 360 Sample Project

Figure 03: Selecting the 2D_Waterfront video from the Interactive 360 Sample Project we’ve imported into our Scene

Before we begin, it will be helpful to gather a brief overview of how 360 videos are represented in Unity.

As we are dealing with 3D space, imagine that 360 videos are contained within a geometric sphere that surrounds the viewer, and that the video itself is a (rather large) animated Texture. In the world of 3D graphics, objects must be “unwrapped” in order for Textures (or in this case, video) to be applied to them. If you’re familiar with the concept of UV Unwrapping, this sphere must be unwrapped before video can be applied to it and subsequently seen by the viewer.

In Unity, there are two formats used to unwrap 360 Video: equirectangular and 6-Frame,  otherwise known as a Cubemap, the format typically reserved for Skyboxes. Which format you use is determined by how the video was captured or rendered (Figure 04). 

In order to playback 360 Video in Unity, we will need at least three elements: A Video Player, a Render Texture, and a Skybox Material.

In short, The Video Player “broadcasts” the video to a special Texture known as a Render Texture. This Render Texture is then used as a Texture for your Skybox Material, which allows the video to properly display as a panorama in your Scene. 

Figure 04: An example of a 360 Video unwrapped in the 6-Frame/Cubemap format.

1. In the Project window, right-click and select Create > Material (Figure 05). 

2. Name the Material whatever you’d like. 

3. Select the Material you just created and, in the Inspector, set the Shader to 
Skybox > Panoramic (Figure 06). 

Figure 05: Creating a Material that will be used to project the video onto our Skybox

Figure 06: Setting Shader type to Skybox/Panoramic. Note that you may need to adjust the 3D Layout property depending on the format of your imported 360 Video.

Now we need to create the Render Texture that the Skybox Material will use. 

1. In your Project window, right-click and choose Create > Render Texture (Figure 07). 

2. You can name the Render Texture as you see fit, but, to keep things consistent, append the name with _RT. 

 Figure 07: Create Render Texture

Now we need to set the Render Texture so it will play at the correct resolution. If you already know the video resolution, you can change the size parameter in your Render Texture to the correct dimensions. If you do not, you’ll need to find those dimensions in the Source Info panel.

1. Select your video in the Project window and click the video title in the bottom of the Inspector, next to the play button. Select Source Info. The video resolution is located in the Pixels row (Figure 08). 

2. Enter the values of your Render Texture in the Size box, starting with frame width (Figure 09). 

3. Finally, select your 360 Video Material, and set the newly created Render Texture as the Texture. You can do this by either dragging your Render Texture onto the Texture field or by clicking the Select button and searching for your new Render Texture (Figure 10). 

Figure 08: The resolution of our video is 3840x2160 (or 4K) according to the Pixels section of Source Info

Figure 09: Setting the Render Texture size to the resolution of our imported video

Figure 10: Setting the Render Texture as the Skybox’s Spherical Texture

1. Create an empty GameObject and name it VideoPlayer. 

2. Click your VideoPlayer GameObject and, in the Inspector window, click Add Component. In the search bar, type “Video” to find the VideoPlayer component (Figure 11). 

Figure 11: Adding the Video Player component to the VideoPlayer GameObject

 Now you will need to tell the Video Player which video to play, and which Render Texture to target. 

1. Leave the VideoPlayer GameObject selected in the Hierarchy window, and find your video in the Project window. Left-click and drag the video onto the Video clip box in the Inspector window (Figure 12). 

2. Find your Render Texture and drag it into the Render Texture slot on the Video Player component (Figure 13) 

Figure 13: Telling the Video Player to “broadcast” the content of the video to the Render Texture. 

Figure 12: Telling the VideoPlayer which video clip to play

The final step in this process is to tell your Skybox to use the Material you created at the beginning of this workflow. 

1. Select Window > Rendering > Lighting Settings to access the settings for the Scene’s Skybox.

2. Drag your Skybox Material onto the Skybox Material slot under Environment. You can also click the widget to the right of Skybox Material and search for your Material there (Figure 14). 

3. When you enter Play Mode, you should see the 360 Video appear in the viewport. If you want to test your 360 Video with movement, simply switch to Scene view and use alt+left-click to orbit the camera around your Scene. 

Play 360 Video with a Skybox in Unity

1. Playing 360 Video with a Skybox in Unity

2. Importing 360 Video files

3. 360 Video in 3D Space

4. Creating a Skybox Material

5. Creating a Render Texture

6. Setting the Render Texture resolution

7. Creating the Video Player

8. Completing the Skybox

9. Setting the Skybox Material

Complete this tutorial