Explore Out of Circulation

Player movement

Camera system

Conversation system

User interfaces (UI)

Audio

Important information

In this project, you’ll explore and extend Out of Circulation as you work on your own game.

The tutorials are in a suggested sequence, but you can explore them in the way that works best for you. Each tutorial contains:

An overview of our work on a specific system or feature, including the impact of user feedback.

Discussion about key decisions that we made and why we made them.

Guidance on how you can explore and extend what we created for Out of Circulation.

Suggestions for ways you can apply what you’ve learned in your own game project. 

Design and development

Welcome to the course

Accessibility in games

Explore the vertical slice

Set your learning goal

What is inclusive design?

Inclusive design in practice

Digital accessibility

Accessibility standards and guidelines

Investigate accessibility in games

Choose and craft your concept

Consider your target players

Create a game design document

Create your production plan

Complete a project retrospective

Continue your learning journey

In this introductory project, you’ll learn more about the Practical Game Accessibility course and reflect on how you can use this course to achieve your goals as a creator. 

It can be very tempting to work on planning and creating your game straight away. That drive to bring an idea to life is a core part of being a creator, whatever your medium. However, if you take time now to explore the underlying principles of inclusive design and accessibility, you’ll give yourself a strong foundation as you work on your game. The principles are also deeply practical. Your work starts now!

Inclusive design and accessibility

You’re now ready to plan your game. This is a critical stage of the creative process, especially when you are focusing on accessibility. The preparation, exploration, and scoping that you do in this stage will have a direct impact on your experience when you begin design and development.

In this project, you’ll choose and scope a concept for your game with your target players in mind. You’ll also use accessibility guidelines to help you prepare a plan for production.

Project pre-production

Production processes don’t end when you finish working on your game.In this final project, you’ll complete a project retrospective and prepare to share your game with a wider audience. You’ll also identify your next steps as a creator who prioritizes accessibility.

Continue your journey

When you make a game, you’re crafting a shared experience. Whether your game is a private gift for one person or a global commercial release, for solo play or many players, it’s an invitation to connect with and respond to your ideas as a creator. When you make your game more accessible, you’re extending that invitation to a wider and more diverse audience.

This course is a practical introduction to accessibility for intermediate creators. As you complete it, you’ll choose a game to create and work on making that game as accessible as possible. 

By the end of the course, you’ll be able to:

Apply an inclusive design approach to your work as a creator

Identify critical accessibility requirements for your projects

Implement accessibility review and feedback cycles throughout development

Design and develop features using an inclusive design approach

Maintain a focus on accessibility while adapting to constraints and emerging project needs

Practical Game Accessibility

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Overview

Our accessibility requirements

Audio design

Audio implementation

User feedback and iteration

Explore: Adjust the default audio levels and ducking

Extend: Implement audio captions 

Audio in your game

Next steps

In this tutorial, you’ll explore the audio design and implementation for Out of Circulation. You’ll also identify and investigate accessibility considerations for audio in your own game.

Audio requires a design and implementation plan in its own right. It is also an important tool for communicating information to a wide range of players. 

Alongside the voiced dialogue for Out of Circulation, we also included mood-setting music, background ambient sound, and a selection of different audio effects. This helped to enhance the atmosphere for the vertical slice and gave us scope to explore different considerations for designing and implementing audio with a focus on accessibility.

Evaluate the audio design and implementation in Out of Circulation.

Adjust the default audio levels and ducking.

Investigate accessibility considerations related to audio in your own game.


Note: If you’d like to refresh your memory of the high-level details of Out of Circulation before you begin, review Explore Out of Circulation.

We set the following initial requirements for the audio in Out of Circulation:

The character dialogue in each of the three conversations must be fully voiced so the conversations are not only shared with the player via text.

It must be possible to set the game audio to stereo or mono.

There must be separate audio channels for sound effects, dialogue, and background audio.

There must be minimal background audio while a conversation is in progress.

Our goal for Out of Circulation was to include a variety of audio. We identified copyright-free music tracks for each scene and recorded the character dialogue within the team. Since we didn’t have an audio specialist on our team, we hired external specialists Sounding Sweet to create sound effects and ambient tracks and complete the post-production work.

Note: The UI narration functionality in Out of Circulation uses the player’s operating system’s or designated screen reader’s text-to-speech functionality. This is explored in User interfaces (UI).

The fully-voiced dialogue for Out of Circulation is an important aspect of communicating critical information to the player. If we hadn’t chosen to record audio dialogue, we would have needed to enable UI narration for character speech, otherwise the plot for the vertical slice would only be conveyed through text. Technically this would have worked, and it would have spared us the challenges of recording the character dialogue audio ourselves. However, text-only narration isn’t necessarily a very engaging experience for players. We felt that audio dialogue would better communicate the meaning and tone of the written copy, which would benefit a wider range of players.

Background music contributes to the mood of Out of Circulation, and the ambient sound helps to ground the gameplay scenes in their respective locations; for example, the ambient sounds of rustling paper in the library. These tracks help set the mood and create a sense of place in each location, but they don’t communicate any important plot or gameplay information.

In Out of Circulation, sound effects act as confirmation of an action (for example, interacting with an item) rather than as a tool for communicating any important plot or gameplay information. 

If sound effects were being used to communicate important information, such as the location of an antagonist hiding in the library, we would also have implemented captions or an alternative method of communicating that information to the player. That approach felt more complex than the usual approach for a narrative adventure game, so we decided to keep things as simple as possible.

When the team implemented the audio in Out of Circulation, the main challenge was setting up the stereo and mono audio options correctly. The default audio setting for the vertical slice is stereo, and outputting the audio tracks to the appropriate audio group was critical to make this sound good.

Next, we implemented a mono audio override. If important sounds are only provided from one direction, as they can be with stereo audio, some players will miss this information.

When the player sets the game audio to mono, they switch the output device so that all audio in the game outputs to a mono channel. This change stops all the audio sources in Out of Circulation and resets the audio system. The game audio will stop while this happens, and it will then restart at the same point in each audio track. 

As players are most likely to switch the game audio to mono when they start playing, this system restart is unlikely to interrupt a conversation, which is the most important audio in the vertical slice. 

You can review the code for the mono audio override in the AudioManager class.

Game audio that is too loud or poorly balanced can be overwhelming. Although the player has control over each audio track in Out of Circulation, feedback from a variety of different players was critical to establish default volume levels that would be a good starting point. 

We received helpful feedback on the volume levels of different tracks from the accessibility specialists who reviewed the game. The QA tester for Out of Circulation also completed iterative reviews to help the team refine the game audio default levels.

One of the final things that we did to refine Out of Circulation overall was to adjust the audio ducking. Audio ducking is the practice of reducing (ducking) volume levels of one or more audio tracks in response to another audio track playing or increasing in volume. This can help minimize background noise when important audio is playing and avoid players being unable to perceive the important audio or feeling overwhelmed by the noise.

In Out of Circulation, we duck the background music and ambience tracks when dialogue audio is played. 

Note: No sound effects play while conversations are in progress, so we did not need to duck this audio.

If you want to explore the impact of different audio tracks in our vertical slice, you can change the background audio and ambience tracks and adjust the default volume values and ducking for conversations. 

You can also explore alternative default values and ducking for the audio that is already in Out of Circulation if you prefer; we refined the audio implementation, but that doesn’t mean that we found the perfect default configuration. 

If we had designed the audio with sound effects that conveyed important gameplay information to the player, that information would have needed to be available in another format as well as audio. One approach would be to implement text captions that describe each sound effect. 

If you want to explore this approach in Out of Circulation, try implementing captions for audio that provide the player with new information in the vertical slice.

Tip: You could remove the background music in the shop and add a radio to provide diegetic sound instead, such as a local news report that provides players with a clue.

As you work on your own game, consider the following questions:

Gameplay-essential sounds: The only audio that’s essential to the gameplay in Out of Circulation is the spoken dialogue. However, many games use audio cues to share important information with the player too. How are you going to represent essential  information delivered through audio in other ways?

Volume controls: There are a lot of different sounds in Out of Circulation — it was important to give the player control over the volume level of each specific type so they can customize their experience beyond their operating system’s audio settings. How do you plan to organize your game audio and give players control over the volume levels?

Focus on important audio: In Out of Circulation we used audio ducking to help the player focus on the dialogue audio when a conversation starts. How do you plan to help players focus on the most important audio when more than one source is playing at once?


Important: Your answers to these questions are not a substitute for regular testing and feedback from players with disabilities.

Remember, you can also refer to the accessibility resources that you explored earlier in this course.

Explore the other tutorials in Design and development to find out about other aspects of Out of Circulation’s development. When you’re ready, progress to Continue your journey.

Audio

1. Overview

2. Our accessibility requirements

3. Audio design

4. Audio implementation

5. User feedback and iteration

6. Explore: Adjust the default audio levels and ducking

7. Extend: Implement audio captions

8. Audio in your game

9. Next steps

Complete this tutorial