The Animal Race demonstrates four pillars of OOP. It uses Animal class that defines the base properties and fuctions (including walk speed, run speed, stamina for running, talk phrase, and a name) that are abstracted - wrapping the funtionality into simple to understand and call functions and properties, allowing developers to focus on what to do rather than how. These are then inherited and polymorphed for specific animals: cat, dog, and a chicken. Important variables are protected from external modification, others are exposed for modifications via setters (encapsulation). First animal to reach the finish line wins (see console messages).