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1.3 Core concepts: animation blending

Review the core concepts for 3D animations systems in Unity

Explore and configure a simple animation in Unity Editor

When you’ve finished, you’ll be ready to complete the rest of the Beginner 3D Animation course.

In this tutorial, you’ll explore the second of the two core concepts for creating an animation in Unity: animation blending. When you understand both core concepts, you’ll be able to apply your knowledge to all of Unity’s different animation features. 

Overview

This tutorial uses the Introduction to 3D Animation Systems Unity project. If you haven't already done so, 

. 

All the assets you need for this tutorial are located in this folder. 

Before you begin

1.2: Animation systems core concepts: Animation data

, you learned that the two parts of animation data (bindings and values) are stored on an Animation Clip. When you play more than one Animation Clip at the same time, Unity blends them together. The result of the blend is then applied to the bindings. 

To blend Animation Clips, each animation has a relative weight. These weights are used to calculate how much influence each individual Animation Clip has on the final animation. This calculation can be done using various algorithms, the most common of which is a 

. This algorithm multiplies each of the values by their weight and adds them all together. 

Introduction to animation blending

To understand how weighting applies to animation blending, let’s adjust the weight of a sample animation.

First, you need to open the CoreConcepts Scene. To do this:

In this Scene, there’s an example animation where the Cube GameObject has two Animation Clips that move simultaneously. There is also a script that allows you to adjust the weight of these two Animation Clips.

Adjust the weights of the Animation Clips

To adjust the weight of the two Animation Clips:


This means that when you play the Scene, the Cube will move in a circle in the Game view.

 button to enter Play Mode and play the animation in the Game view.

You’ll notice that as you change the weight of the 

. You’ll also notice that the Cube GameObject starts moving in a square pattern instead of in a circle in the Game view, as the weight changes from the Circle animation to the Square.

 button again to exit Play Mode when you’ve finished.


Now that you’ve reviewed how Animation Clips are played through a GameObject, let’s explore how you can control animation blending using the Animator Controller.

Adjust the weight of a sample animation

An Animator Controller is a way of controlling when an Animation Clip starts playing and how it’s blended with other Animation Clips. It’s an asset that combines all the Animation Clips that are played by a particular GameObject hierarchy, and assigns logic to control the animation playback.

For an Animation Clip to play, it must be referenced by an Animator Controller. The Animator Controller that references it must also be referenced by an Animator component in the Scene. 

The role of the Animator Controller

In the example Scene, there’s an Animator component on the Cube GameObject. That Animator component is referencing the CubeController Animator Controller.

The Blend Tree will open and you should see that it references both the Circle and Square Animation Clips. A Blend Tree is a state that combines multiple Animation Clips. You’ll explore these in more detail in 

3.4: Creating and Configuring Blend Trees

The Blend Tree controls how the weight you entered in the Hierarchy is assigned to the Animation Clips and how they are blended.

The key things you need to know about Animator Controllers are:

They are a collection of logical States, containing one or more Animation Clips. 

The Animator Controller takes a path between these States, evaluating the Animation Clip(s) in the State currently being played. 

The States are connected by Transitions, which blend the Animation Clips of the States they connect together. 

Explore an Animator Controller

Now you’ve seen how an Animator Controller looks in Unity, it’s time to make your own. 

. It will then automatically open in the Animator window.

You’ll notice there are default nodes in the new Animator Controller, but there aren’t any States yet. This means that 

 is currently unable to play any Animation Clips, as there are none available for it to play. 

Create an Animator Controller

For your new Animation Controller to play an animation, you first need to add Animation Clips. To do this:

 Animation Clip from the Project window onto the grid background of the Animator window.  

, one for each of the example Animation Clips. These nodes are animation States, and contain the Animation Clips you added to the Animator Controller.  

 is grey. The orange node represents the default State and is connected to the node labelled Entry. This will be the first one to play when the Scene starts. 

Add Animation Clips to ExampleController

Now you’ve created an Animator Controller and added two Animation Clips, you need to create a Transition from one State to the other. 

As it’s the default node, the Circle animation will play on any GameObject that uses this Animator Controller as soon as the Scene starts. However, as it is currently configured, there’s no way for the Animator Controller to play the Square animation. This is because there is no Transition between the two States containing the Animation Clips.

As with so many of the animation tools and systems, Transitions are used to blend two animations together. They blend the animation they start from into the animation they end with.

 State to assign the Transition to that animation. 

You will now see an arrow pointing from the Circle State to the Square State. This means that the animation execution can move from playing the Circle Animation Clip to the Square Animation Clip. 

Create a new Transition

Now that you’ve linked the Circle and Square animations with a Transition, you need to configure when in the animation the Transition will happen. 

To do this, you need to change some settings.

In the Animator window, select the Transition you created. Its settings will appear in the Inspector.  

. This means that the Transition will start when the Circle State has played 75% of the Circle Animation Clip. 

It would be more satisfying to see at least one revolution before the Transition starts. To do this, you need to change it to any value over 1.

Now the Circle Animation Clip will play one and a half times before the Transition starts. 

You want the animations you’re blending to do so smoothly, so it’s important for the animations to be 

 like they were when you were manually adjusting the weights of the Circle and Square Animation Clips. 

When a Transition starts, the State that is being transitioned to will begin playing its Animation Clip. In this case, the Circle Animation Clip will be halfway through when the Transition starts. To ensure that the Animation Clips are in phase, the Square Animation Clip should begin at its halfway point too. 

. This will start the Square Animation Clip at its halfway point. 

. This will make the Transition blend more gradual.

Now, the Transition will take two seconds to complete. Your final Transition settings should look like this:

Configure the Transition settings

Before you can see the final result, you need to make sure the 

 GameObject is playing the Animator Controller you’ve just created.

In the Project window, make sure you’re in 

property of the Animator component in the Inspector

 button to see your new Animator Controller working in the Game view.

Review your adjusted animation

In this introduction, you’ve learned about some of the basic core concepts of animation systems in Unity. You explored how animation data is structured, played through a GameObject and blended. 

Many of the topics required to fully understand animation systems in Unity are interlinked. The important thing to remember is that almost every tool and system is a way of getting, setting or manipulating animation data, or controlling how animations are blended together.

In the next learning project, you’ll explore the Animation window in more detail and learn how it can be used to examine and edit Animation Clips.

You’ll learn more about Animator Controllers, Blend Trees and the Animator component as you progress through this course.

Unity Version 2019.4