All content in this course uses:

Set up a 2D room

Set up the 2D player character that the user can move around an empty room with boundary walls.

In this 2D Mission, you'll create a top-down 2D version of the interactive living room scene you created earlier. Just like in the 3D scene, you'll control a character, trying to collect all the objects in a room. By completing this scene, you'll learn how working in 2D is similar to working in 3D, but also how it’s different.

Mission overview

In this first tutorial, you'll set up the 2D player character in a basic room with boundary walls.  

Tutorial overview

The scene that you’ll start with represents a basic 2D room setup, viewed from a top-down perspective. In 

 games, the camera angle is positioned above the action, pointing straight down. This genre often emphasizes strategic thinking, exploration, and puzzle-solving, as players can see more of the game world compared to first-person or side-scrolling perspectives.

The starter scene includes a simple 2D floor and a camera configured for 2D viewing. 


  With the scene open, browse through the 

 window to identify the GameObjects in the scene: 

 mode, which is necessary for 2D gameplay.

 This is an image of an empty wood floor, which will be seen from a top-down perspective.

 view, then orbit around the floor using 

Explore the 2D scene

Unity offers a specialized 2D view of your scene. This view removes the forward-to-back Z-axis entirely, and instead focuses just on the X- and Y-axes. This adjustment restricts scene navigation to just panning and zooming. 


view. 

This action switches the view from 3D to 2D, optimizing the 

  Try to look around the scene like you would in 3D by right-clicking and dragging within the 

view. 

Notice that unlike in 3D view, the view does not rotate; instead, it only pans across the scene. 



  Experiment with panning (right-click and drag) and zooming (scroll wheel or trackpad) in the scene — this is the main way to navigate in 2D mode.



view gizmo has disappeared from the upper-right corner of the 

view gizmo in 2D view because orbiting is disabled — you are no longer using the Z-axis perspective because 2D games do not have depth. You are just using the XY plane now. 

Switch to 2D view

Just like you did in the living room scene, you’ll now add a player character to the scene. You’ll have the same selection of characters (a robot vacuum, a toy car, etc), but this time they will be 2D sprites instead of 3D models. 

 are 2D graphics that are used to represent characters, objects, and other elements within a game. 


 and browse the available character sprites.



  Click and drag your desired character sprite into the 

view, positioning it towards the left side of the room.



 window to keep it aligned with the other objects in the 2D plane. 



 Briefly switch out of 2D mode and orbit to see how the sprite sits flat directly on the background floor object.



 window, rename the sprite “Player” for clarity and future reference.

Add your player character sprite

 component is optimized for 2D physics. This component enables your objects to obey the laws of physics, such as gravity and force, within a 2D space. 


 Select it to add it to your player character.



 GameObject fall out of the bottom of the screen. 

This type of gravity might make sense in a 2D side scroller, but it doesn’t make sense in a top-down game.



 

This will stop gravity from affecting the player. 

Even though you disabled gravity, you still need the 

 component so that the player can move around.



 mode again to ensure the player character now stays put in the room, then exit 

Configure a Rigidbody 2D component

Next, you’ll add a player controller script that allows you to control the movements of the 2D player. 

Unlike Unity's built-in components, such as the 

 is a custom script we’ve provided for you designed to manage player inputs and movements within a 2D environment. 


 script.

If you’re interested, feel free to open the script, read through it, and see if you can figure out how it works. It has a lot of comments that should help you out.



 GameObject to show its components in the 

  You can also drag the script directly onto the 

 script added, you can now configure its properties, including its speed and whether or not you want the player to be able to move diagonally.



Your character should now move with either the arrow keys or the WASD keys.



 window, you might have to click within the 

view window to regain control of the Player.

Add the PlayerController2D script

 describes the relationship between the width and the height of a screen. Old-fashioned TVs and the very first films, for example, used a 4:3 aspect ratio. That means that the screen was 4 units wide and 3 units high. However, modern widescreen TVs and most modern films use a wider 16:9 aspect ratio. 

The 

 menu allows you to simulate how your game will look on different screen sizes and shapes during development.

Up to this point, you have been using a 

 view, which means that the aspect ratio depends on the 

 window's size. 

However, while you're developing a game, it can be helpful to use the aspect ratio that your game's users will see on their devices. You can even set an aspect ratio that is best for your game regardless of the device so that you don't have to accommodate every screen shape, such as vertical portrait mode.


 dropdown, usually located in the top bar of the 

 by default, but if it’s not, set it to 

 view. 

Notice that you can no longer see the entire floor, and the player can exit the viewable area.  



 view to a widescreen aspect ratio. 

This ratio matches the dimensions of the floor, so the entire floor will always be in view. 



 view again. 

Notice that the entire floor now stays consistent even while the window changes size.



Lock your aspect ratio

Now that you have your player in the room, you need walls to prevent that player from moving off-screen. 

In the same way that you used a primitive cube to create your building blocks in the kid’s room, you’ll use Unity’s provided 2D sprite shapes to make this wall. 

You’ll also use a new tool in the 

 tool — to quickly and easily move and reshape the sprite.


 to create a new square sprite. 

This square is the start of your wall.



  Rename the sprite “Wall_Bottom” for clarity. 



  Check to make sure that the object’s 

 so that it’s on the same Z plane as the floor object. 



  With the square sprite selected, switch to the 

 tool from the toolbar. 

You should see four blue circles at the corners of the square and a donut-shaped blue circle at its center, which represents the object’s pivot point. 



 tool, which is the next letter in the row of toolbar shortcuts you have already used (QWERT). 



 tool you can control the object’s shape and move it around. Click and drag the corners or sides to stretch it across the desired edge of your room. The white wall should overlap the bottom edge of the floor.



 mode to see how your bottom wall looks. 

The wall won’t actually work yet; the player can go right through it! You’ll fix that next.  

Add a wall

As you probably remember, colliders define the physical boundaries of objects, allowing them to interact with each other. Just like Unity has a 2D version of a 

 component, it also has 2D versions of colliders:

There are a lot of other 2D colliders to fit your assets’ needs. 

You’ll use colliders to stop the player from passing through the wall. 


  Depending on the shape of your character, add either a 

 component. 

For the Robot vacuum and UFO, you’ll likely want a 

 mode to test. 

Your player character should now collide with the wall, unable to pass through it. 

Add 2D colliders

You have one wall done — you just need three more! 


 GameObject you've already created in the 

). Rename this duplicate to indicate its position (For example, “Wall_Top”).



  Right after duplicating an object, press the 

 key) to quickly rename the selected duplicate. Then press 

 tool to adjust the duplicate's position to the opposite side of the original wall. 

Don’t worry — the placement doesn’t have to be perfect. It just has to overlap the edge of the play area. 



  Duplicate the top wall, then use a combination of the 

 tool to create Wall_Left and Wall_Right.



 window, select all wall objects (using the 

) keys. Right-click one of the selected objects and select 

 

This action groups the walls under a single GameObject, which you can name “Walls” for clarity.



  Test the scene to ensure all walls are correctly positioned and prevent the player from moving beyond the designated game area.



Make the remaining walls

Congratulations on setting up your first 2D scene with your player in a room surrounded by walls.

Here are some of the things you learned how to do along the way:

Switch between 2D view and 3D view of a scene.

Explain the differences between navigating in 2D space vs. 3D space.

view to playtest using the same view that users will see.

Explain the differences between 2D colliders and 3D colliders.

Proceed to the next tutorial where you'll complete your 2D game, including adding pushable furniture, collectibles, and even a user interface!

Review and proceed to the next tutorial

Confidently operate the Unity Editor from an empty default project. 

Unity Editor Essentials

NealEdu

Product Manager at Unity

Identify the defaults elements in a new scene, Create and manipulate GameObjects and configure their components.

Scene Building Essentials

5.1.10 - Make the remaining walls - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.9 - Add 2D colliders - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.8 - Add a wall - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.7 - Lock your aspect ratio - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.6 - Add the PlayerController2D script - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.5 - Configure a Rigidbody 2D component - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.4 - Add your player character sprite - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.3 - Switch to 2D view - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.1 - Overview - VIDEO.mp4

5.1.2 - Explore the 2D scene - VIDEO.mp4

Essentials_Pathway_M5_2D.mp4

2D and 3D mode settings

Work with sprites

The Game view

Transforms

Physics 2D Reference

The Hierarchy window

Games

Film

Automotive

Explain the Toolbar buttons used to manipulate objects.

Select a GameObject from both the Hierarchy window and the Scene view.

Link GameObjects in parent-child relationships using the Hierarchy window to create complex GameObjects.

Explain the relationship between the Scene view and the Inspector window.

Move, scale, and rotate a GameObject using the Toolbar buttons and the mouse in the Scene view.

Move, scale, and rotate a GameObject using the Transform Component in the Inspector window.

Position Sprites in 3D space in a 2D Scene.

Use 3D GameObjects in a 2D Scene to group Sprites.

3.1 Explain the Toolbar buttons used to manipulate objects.

3.2 Select a GameObject from both the Hierarchy window and the Scene view.

3.3 Link GameObjects in parent-child relationships using the Hierarchy window to create complex GameObjects.

3.4 Explain the relationship between the Scene view and the Inspector window.

3.5 Duplicate a GameObject.

3.6 Move, scale, and rotate a GameObject using the Toolbar buttons and the mouse in the Scene view.

3.7 Move, scale, and rotate a GameObject using the Transform Component in the Inspector window.

3.8 Position Sprites in 3D space in a 2D Scene.

3.9 Use 3D GameObjects in a 2D Scene to group Sprites.

Transform GameObjects

Describe the 3D nature of a 2D Scene in Unity.

Explain the 2D coordinate system in Unity.

Use the 2D button to change the view of Scene view.

4.1 Describe the 3D nature of a 2D Scene in Unity.

4.2 Explain the 2D coordinate system in Unity.

4.3 Use the 2D button to change the view of Scene view.

4.4 Navigate a 2D Scene in 3D space.

Navigate in 2D space in the Scene view

Ellen Flaherty

Senior Learning Architect - Unity

 Implement basic physics for GameObjects 

Apply RigidBody or RigidBody 2D components in order to enable GameObjects to act under the control of physics

Modify the basic properties of a RigidBody or RigidBody 2D component in order to control how the GameObject is affected by physics, including its mass, its drag, and the Scene's gravity

Add a collider to a GameObject and understand its function

Create and configure a Physic Material to add physical properties to a GameObject

Employ basic physics for GameObjects

Veronica Brown

Mission 5 - 2D Essentials

The scene that you’ll start with represents a basic 2D room setup, viewed from a top-down perspective. In top-down games, the camera angle is positioned above the action, pointing straight down. This genre often emphasizes strategic thinking, exploration, and puzzle-solving, as players can see more of the game world compared to first-person or side-scrolling perspectives.

The starter scene includes a simple 2D floor, a camera configured for 2D viewing, and a 2D light. 


1.  In the Project window, go to _Unity Essentials > Scenes, then double-click 5_TopDown_2D_Scene to open it.

2.  With the scene open, browse through the Hierarchy window to identify the GameObjects in the scene: 

A Main Camera: This camera is configured to use Orthographic mode instead of the default 3D Perspective mode, which is necessary for 2D gameplay.

A Global 2D Light: Unity has special 2D light components, which are optimized for 2D environments.

A Floor: This is an image of an empty wood floor, which will be seen from a top-down perspective.

3.  In the Hierarchy window, double-click the Floor GameObject to frame it in the Scene view, then orbit around the floor using Alt+left-click (macOS: Option+left-click) to see that it is completely flat.  

1.  Locate and select the 2D button at the top of the Scene view. 

This action switches the view from 3D to 2D, optimizing the Scene view for 2D development.

2.  Try to look around the scene like you would in 3D by right-clicking and dragging within the Scene view. 

Notice that unlike in 3D view, the view does not rotate; instead, it only pans across the scene. 

3.  Experiment with panning (right-click and drag) and zooming (scroll wheel or trackpad) in the scene — this is the main way to navigate in 2D mode.

4.  Note that the Scene view gizmo has disappeared from the upper-right corner of the Scene view. 

You don't need the Scene view gizmo in 2D view because orbiting is disabled — you are no longer using the Z-axis perspective because 2D games do not have depth. You are just using the XY plane now. 

Just like you did in the living room scene, you’ll now add a player character to the scene. You’ll have the same selection of characters (a robot vacuum, a toy car, etc), but this time they will be 2D sprites instead of 3D models. Sprites are 2D graphics that are used to represent characters, objects, and other elements within a game. 


1.  In the Project window, navigate to _Unity Essentials > Sprites > Characters and browse the available character sprites.

2.  Click and drag your desired character sprite into the Scene view, positioning it towards the left side of the room.

3.  With the sprite selected, ensure its Z position is set to 0 in the Transform component in the Inspector window to keep it aligned with the other objects in the 2D plane. 

4.  Briefly switch out of 2D mode and orbit to see how the sprite sits flat directly on the background floor object.

5.  In the Hierarchy window, rename the sprite “Player” for clarity and future reference.

Unlike the Rigidbody component used for 3D objects, the Rigidbody 2D component is optimized for 2D physics. This component enables your objects to obey the laws of physics, such as gravity and force, within a 2D space. 


1.  In the Hierarchy window, select the Player GameObject.

2.  In the Inspector window, select Add Component and search for Rigidbody 2D. Select it to add it to your player character.

Important:  Make sure to add the Rigidbody 2D component, rather than the default Rigidbody component used for 3D applications.

3.  Enter Play mode to see the Player GameObject fall out of the bottom of the screen. 

This type of gravity might make sense in a 2D side scroller, but it doesn’t make sense in a top-down game.

4.  Exit Play mode and, in the Rigidbody 2D component, adjust the Gravity Scale property to 0. 

This will stop gravity from affecting the player. 

Even though you disabled gravity, you still need the Rigidbody 2D component so that the player can move around.

5.  Enter Play mode again to ensure the player character now stays put in the room, then exit Play mode.

Note:  Remember to save your scene!

Next, you’ll add a player controller script that allows you to control the movements of the 2D player. 

Unlike Unity's built-in components, such as the Rigidbody 2D component, PlayerController2D is a custom script we’ve provided for you designed to manage player inputs and movements within a 2D environment. 


1.  In the Project window, navigate to _Unity Essentials > Scripts > Provided Scripts, then locate the PlayerController2D script.

If you’re interested, feel free to open the script, read through it, and see if you can figure out how it works. It has a lot of comments that should help you out.

2.  Select the Player GameObject to show its components in the Inspector window, then drag the PlayerController2D script directly into the Inspector window to add it as a component to the Player GameObject. 

Note:  You can also drag the script directly onto the Player GameObject in the Scene view or use the Add Component button in the Inspector window to add the script.

3.  With the PlayerController2D script added, you can now configure its properties, including its speed and whether or not you want the player to be able to move diagonally.

4.  Test the player controls in Play mode. 

Your character should now move with either the arrow keys or the WASD keys.

Tip:  If you edit values in the Inspector window, you might have to click within the Game view window to regain control of the Player.

Aspect ratio describes the relationship between the width and the height of a screen. Old-fashioned TVs and the very first films, for example, used a 4:3 aspect ratio. That means that the screen was 4 units wide and 3 units high. However, modern widescreen TVs and most modern films use a wider 16:9 aspect ratio. 

The Game view aspect ratio menu allows you to simulate how your game will look on different screen sizes and shapes during development.

Up to this point, you have been using a Free Aspect ratio in the Game view, which means that the aspect ratio depends on the Editor window's size. 

However, while you're developing a game, it can be helpful to use the aspect ratio that your game's users will see on their devices. You can even set an aspect ratio that is best for your game regardless of the device so that you don't have to accommodate every screen shape, such as vertical portrait mode.


1. Enter Play mode again to test your game. 

2. Find the aspect ratio dropdown, usually located in the top bar of the Game view. 

3.  Your view should be set to Free Aspect by default, but if it’s not, set it to Free Aspect now and resize the Game view. 

Notice that you can no longer see the entire floor, and the player can exit the viewable area.  

4.  Select 16:9 from the aspect ratio dropdown to set the Game view to a widescreen aspect ratio. 

This ratio matches the dimensions of the floor, so the entire floor will always be in view. 

5. Resize the Game view again. 

Notice that the entire floor now stays consistent even while the window changes size.

6.  Exit Play mode when you’re done testing. 

Now that you have your player in the room, you need walls to prevent that player from moving off-screen. 

In the same way that you used a primitive cube to create your building blocks in the kid’s room, you’ll use Unity’s provided 2D sprite shapes to make this wall. 

You’ll also use a new tool in the Scene view toolbar — the Rect tool — to quickly and easily move and reshape the sprite.


1.  In the Hierarchy window, right-click and select 2D Object > Sprite > Square to create a new square sprite. 

This square is the start of your wall.

2.  Rename the sprite “Wall_Bottom” for clarity. 

Note:  Check to make sure that the object’s Z position value is set to 0 so that it’s on the same Z plane as the floor object. 

3.  With the square sprite selected, switch to the Rect tool from the toolbar. 

You should see four blue circles at the corners of the square and a donut-shaped blue circle at its center, which represents the object’s pivot point. 

Note:  You could also press the T key on your keyboard to access the Rect tool, which is the next letter in the row of toolbar shortcuts you have already used (QWERT). 

4.  With the Rect tool you can control the object’s shape and move it around. Click and drag the corners or sides to stretch it across the desired edge of your room. The white wall should overlap the bottom edge of the floor.

5.  Enter Play mode to see how your bottom wall looks. 

The wall won’t actually work yet; the player can go right through it! You’ll fix that next.  

As you probably remember, colliders define the physical boundaries of objects, allowing them to interact with each other. Just like Unity has a 2D version of a Rigidbody component, it also has 2D versions of colliders:

Instead of a Box Collider 3D, there’s a Box Collider 2D.

Instead of a Sphere Collider, there’s a Circle Collider 2D. 

1.  Select the Wall GameObject in the Hierarchy window. In the Inspector window, select Add Component, then search for and select Box Collider 2D to add it to the wall. 

2.  Select your player character in the Hierarchy window. 

3.  Depending on the shape of your character, add either a Box Collider 2D or a Circle Collider 2D component. 

For the Robot vacuum and UFO, you’ll likely want a Circle Collider component. 

3.  Enter Play mode to test. 

Your player character should now collide with the wall, unable to pass through it. 

1.  Select the Wall GameObject you've already created in the Hierarchy window.

2.  Duplicate the wall object by pressing Ctrl+D (macOS: Cmd+D). Rename this duplicate to indicate its position (For example, “Wall_Top”).

Tip:  Right after duplicating an object, press the F2 key (macOS: Return key) to quickly rename the selected duplicate. Then press Enter (macOS: Return) again to confirm the new name. 

3.  Use the Move tool to adjust the duplicate's position to the opposite side of the original wall. 

Don’t worry — the placement doesn’t have to be perfect. It just has to overlap the edge of the play area. 

4.  Duplicate the top wall, then use a combination of the Rect tool and Move tool to create Wall_Left and Wall_Right.

5.  To organize the Hierarchy window, select all wall objects (using the Shift or Ctrl (macOS: Cmd) keys. Right-click one of the selected objects and select Create Empty Parent. 

This action groups the walls under a single GameObject, which you can name “Walls” for clarity.

6.  Test the scene to ensure all walls are correctly positioned and prevent the player from moving beyond the designated game area.

Note:  Remember to save your scene! 

Adjust the aspect ratio of Game view to playtest using the same view that users will see.

Use the Rect tool to move and scale 2D objects.

Unity Version 6.0